May Tree of the Month-Kousa Dogwood

After our native dogwoods, Cornus florida, April Tree of the Month-Dogwood, finish blooming, the kousa dogwoods take the stage. Cornus kousa (syn. Benthamidia japonica) is native to Japan, Korea, and China and can look very similar to our native dogwoods but there a few differences to look for if you’re trying to tell them apart. While our natives bloom before leaves emerge, the kousa dogwoods bloom AFTER leafing out, so the dark, glossy leaves make those crisp white sepals surrounding the true flowers pop. The flowers are followed by showy, raspberry-like fruit that attracts birds, verses a seed-shaped fruit on the native dogwood. In fall, the leaves or both species acquire shades of pink, red, and purple.

Another trait of the Kousa is the unique bark, which is patchy and camouflaged. Also, whereas the native dogwoods can grow more upright and narrow, especially in the shade, the Kousas are often found more rounded, even shrub-like.

All dogwoods love rich, organic soils and regular watering. Kousas seem to tolerate full sun better than the native dogwoods, which prefer part shade, like their natural home in the woods or along the edges. Afternoon shade is appreciated.

Kousa dogwoods are prevalent in Missouri Botanical Garden’s Japanese Garden.

Cultivars abound with white or pink sepals, even variegated leaves. Height varies depending on cultivar, ranging from 12 to 30’. Research and read those plant tags!

With spring blooms, showy fruit, unique bark, and nice fall color, the Kousa dogwood makes an excellent four-season plant.

What I love about this plant;

-Stunning blooms in late spring.

-Great for smaller gardens or yards.

-Showy fruit.

-Beautiful bark.

-Low maintenance.

-Few pests or diseases.

-Many cultivars to pick from.

What’s not so great;

-Can get leaf scorch in full sun during summer if it dries out. Consistent watering during drought spells is helpful.

-Kousas have beautiful, mottled bark. If they are too “Shrubby,” this beautiful trait is hidden. Some selective pruning when the tree is young can allow the bark to be enjoyed as it matures.

-Comments or questions? Email Garden-Lou at gardenloustl@gmail.com

Words and photos by Jo Batzer

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